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Non-literal language
- Speech, language and communication
Sometimes we use words or phrases that do not mean the same as their dictionary definition. This is so as to achieve a more complicated understanding or heightened effect. This is called figurative, non-literal or ambiguous language. It includes idioms and metaphors.
Parents and carers can use this information at home to support their child. Education staff can also use this information with children in their school or setting.
Please try these ideas and advice before making a referral to the Speech and Language Therapy Service.
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Examples of non-literal language
- “Write your name at the top of the page and off you go.”
- “As cool as a cucumber.”
- “Name the shapes.”
- “It’s raining cats and dogs.”
- “Catch you later.”
- “Wait a minute.”
Strategies to support understanding of non-literal language
Children have to learn that we do not always mean what we say. As adults we often use this language without actually realising.
- Be aware of your use of non-literal language, and listen out for others using it.
- Explain what non-literal language means when it is used.
- Use simple, specific and precise language where possible.
It is not possible to teach a list of idioms and metaphors to children as there are so many. So it is important to explain them to the child as you go. As children become more familiar with idioms, they can then use their own strategies to understand use them.
Last reviewed: 24 November, 2025
